In practice, start from what the certificate claims to measure and what the claimed measurement actually answers, because those are two different questions.
Batch versus lot is a semantic distinction that determines whether one certificate applies to ten vials or to one, and checking this distinction is worth a minute.
The certificate is a snapshot and nothing else — it tells you about the material on one day from one sample of one lot, and extrapolation beyond that requires logic.
The limitation is cost — truly rigorous testing on every lot is expensive enough that most people do not do it, which is exactly why the variation matters.
The practical summary: check the lot number, ask for the method, and reserve judgement until you have both.
edited 16 Dec 2024 by kwn_analytical — added a caveat about sampling