Specifically, a vendor with a recent favorable VendorInvestigate report has earned credibility, and a vendor with an unfavorable report is a red flag.
Reports include the dates of testing and the lot numbers of the tested material, tying the result to specific material.
The ICH Q3A and Q3B thresholds for reporting, identification and qualification of impurities are the framework the pharmaceutical industry works to, and they are worth reading even though nothing in the research-grade supply chain is obliged to meet them, because they tell you which numbers a competent analyst would consider worth reporting at all.
The caveat is that none of this makes a research-grade vial equivalent to a licensed medicine. There is no release testing programme behind it, no pharmacovigilance, and no recourse if it is wrong. Independent testing narrows your uncertainty; it does not eliminate the category difference.
In practice: ask for the chromatogram, check the method section, check the lot number against the vial, and set your accept threshold before you see the result rather than after.