A useful certificate has five elements: the lot number, the analytical method, the reported result with units, the date of analysis, and the primary data or a reference to it.
The test date matters because a certificate six months older than the vial is not evidence about your material, it is evidence about what the material was like half a year ago.
The caveat is that a certificate is not a guarantee, it is a data point, and treating it as anything else is asking for disappointment.
If you only pay for one test, pay for quantified content. Purity is the number everyone quotes and content is the number that changes what you do.
edited 14 Apr 2026 by pierce_count — added the placebo-arm figures
4Any reason to prefer ion chromatography over fluorine NMR for the counter-ion here? – marta_okonkwo 5 months ago add a comment