Accepted answer
Start from what the certificate claims to measure and what the claimed measurement actually answers, because those are two different questions.
Batch versus lot is a semantic distinction that determines whether one certificate applies to ten vials or to one, and checking this distinction is worth a minute.
The laboratory name and accreditation status can be checked in real time against the testing service's own register, and that two-minute check catches substituted certificates.
Research-grade certificates carry no regulatory backing and no standing in quality systems, and that limitation is worth being explicit about.
My working rule is that a document without a lot number, a method section and a test date is marketing.
edited 1 Apr 2025 by halvard_ness — added a caveat about sampling
Confirming from the other direction: I did the wrong thing and got exactly the predicted outcome. – rhian_prydderch 8 months ago Is there a reason to prefer the second method over the first, other than cost? – hana_petrikova 7 months ago add a comment