Concretely, purity is a method-dependent figure, and that is not a limitation of the measurement, it is a property of what the measurement actually answers.
Detection wavelength matters because 214 nm sees the peptide backbone while 280 nm sees only aromatic side chains — so truncation impurities lacking a tryptophan are invisible at 280 nm.
Reconciling gross mass to label claim
| Component | Typical share | Counted in purity? | Counted in content? |
|---|
| Target peptide | 88–94 % | Yes, as main peak | Yes |
| Related impurities | 1–3 % | Yes, as other peaks | No |
| Counter-ion (TFA or acetate) | 2–8 % | No | No |
| Residual water | 2–6 % | No | No |
| Bulking agent, if present | 0–40 % | No | No |
The part that matters: mass on column affects detector linearity and peak overlap — overloading broadens peaks and hides neighbours, while underloading improves resolution but loses sensitivity.
The Arrhenius relationship for peptide degradation is the basis of accelerated stability testing and also governs how quickly methods drift with temperature.
Worth noting that method standardisation is poor in the research-grade space compared to pharmaceutical work, so identical-looking methods can produce different results.
The practical summary: ask for the chromatogram and the method, and ignore the headline number until you have both.