The short version: a small, well-chosen panel with a baseline beats a large one without.
Delta checks — comparing against your own previous value — are far more sensitive than comparing against a population interval, which is the argument for keeping a series rather than a snapshot.
More usefully, haemolysis in the sample raises potassium and several enzymes spuriously. If a result is bizarre, ask whether the sample was flagged before building a theory on it.
Reference intervals are conventionally the central ninety-five per cent of a reference population, which is the direct cause of the one-in-twenty out-of-range rate on a healthy panel.
Ordering tests you will not act on generates anxiety and incidental findings, both of which have costs.
One out-of-range value on a twenty-analyte panel is expected. Two on a repeat is a finding.
edited 6 Dec 2024 by Dr_Colm_Fitzhenry — clarified the distinction between purity and content