Accepted answer
At 10 mg/mL a 1 mg dose is 0.1 mL — 10 units on a U-100 barrel — and no needle gauge changes that number. Gauge changes three other things: how long the draw takes, how much stays behind in the hub, and how much rubber you core out of the stopper. On the 30G scale a larger number is a finer needle, so a 30G needle is fine enough that a viscous solution draws slowly and a hurried draw pulls bubbles. If you are drawing 10 units at a time, the dead space matters more than the bore: a fixed-needle barrel loses microlitres, a luer hub loses tens of them, and at 10 mg/mL each microlitre is 10 µg.
Start with the fact that gauge numbers run backwards — a higher number is a thinner needle — which is the source of half the confusion in this tag.
For injecting, 29G to 31G is the usual range and the difference in perceived discomfort between them is small. Needle length matters more than gauge for comfort at these volumes.
Very fine needles are more prone to bending and to blocking with any particulate, which is a practical argument for inspecting the solution before drawing.
Coring risk as a function of needle gauge and insertion technique is documented in pharmacy compounding guidance.
Length affects comfort more than gauge does at these volumes.