The most common trap is reading a certificate as if it were a guarantee when it is actually a single point estimate from a single test.
A purity figure to two decimal places with no supporting chromatogram is giving false precision and is a red flag on the same level as spelling errors.
Concretely, comparison across certificates from different laboratories is almost never valid, even when the material is the same, because the methods are almost never the same.
Industry guidance on this topic is consistent because it comes from first principles rather than convention.
The limitation is cost — truly rigorous testing on every lot is expensive enough that most people do not do it, which is exactly why the variation matters.
My working rule is that a document without a lot number, a method section and a test date is marketing.
edited 3 Jul 2025 by teodora_ilic — removed a claim I could not source