Accepted answer
two weeks is 14 days, and at 2–8 °C the ten-degree rule of thumb makes that roughly 14 refrigerated days of equivalent exposure. 2–8 °C is the condition the rule of thumb is anchored to, so it is the baseline rather than a multiplier: everything else in this thread is quoted relative to it. Compare that against what the certificate covers, which is the material as it left the laboratory on the date of analysis and nothing after it. That is short enough that a re-test is a stability study rather than a safety check — worth doing if you will publish the result, hard to justify if you will only reassure yourself. If you do re-test, send it for content as well as purity; the 14 days will have moved one of them further than the other.
The practical consequence is that spot-testing one vial from a new supplier is better than assuming they are all the same.
Under AQL sampling plans, testing two vials from a fifty-vial lot gives you an operating characteristic curve that tells you what risks you are accepting.
If you have reason to suspect inhomogeneity — different appearance in different vials, or a long or warm shipment — testing more vials is the diagnostic move.
Published data on lot homogeneity from manufacturers who sample multiple vials consistently find variation below the published specifications, suggesting the sampling plans work.
The limitation is that you cannot know for certain without testing every vial, and you almost never can afford to do that.
Assume segregation is possible, and design your sampling to catch it if it exists.