Accepted answer
This is answerable, and the answer is mostly about which tests rather than how many.
Same laboratory, same method, same time of day, same fasting state. Between-laboratory differences on several common analytes are larger than the changes people are trying to detect.
Timing matters per analyte: cortisol and testosterone are diurnal, triglycerides are postprandial, and creatinine responds to hydration and to recent training. Fixing the conditions removes most of the noise.
Biological variation data are published per analyte and are the basis for the reference change value — the difference between two results that is larger than noise.
Nothing here is medical advice. If something is out of range and you do not know why, that is a consultation rather than a research project.
Decide the action for each result before you order the test.
edited 2 Jul 2026 by wren_calloway — added a caveat about sampling